经济学人-翻译4-1版-每周分享

the word in brief

Volodymyr Zelensky, Ukraine’s president, warned that Russia was preparing for a big offensive in his country’s eastern Donbas region. Speaking at his nightly wartime address, he cast doubt on Russia’s pledge, made during negotiations this week, that it would scale down military operations. “We do not believe anyone—we do not trust any beautiful verbal constructions,” he said. Officials said they are sending 45 buses to evacuate civilians from Mariupol, a city in the region. Earlier this week Vladimir Putin called for Mariupol to surrender.

弗拉基米尔，泽连基斯，乌克兰总统在战时夜间演讲中发出警告：乌克兰将对东部顿巴斯地区发起巨大的进攻，他对俄罗斯在本周谈判期间，会减少军事行动的承诺表示怀疑。他说：“我们不相信任何人，不会相信任何漂亮话。官方表示，在那个区域的其中一个城市，马里乌波尔，将会用45辆大巴撤离那边的民众。这周的早些时候，普京让马里乌波尔投降。

Vladimir Putin threatened to stop gas deliveries to dozens of “unfriendly countries” from Friday unless buyers pay in roubles. Olaf Scholz, Germany’s chancellor, called the demand “blackmail” and said Germany would not accede to it. Separately America said it would release around 180m barrels of oil from its strategic reserves over the next six months to combat high energy prices. It said other countries “are expected to join” the plan. Joe Biden also called on Congress to make oil companies pay fees on unused wells, in an attempt to boost domestic production.

普京威胁停止向那些不友好的国家的汽油供应从周五开始，除非卖家用卢布付款。德国财政部长，奥拉夫.舒尔茨称之为需求要挟，并表示不会同意。美国表示他们将会释放大约1.8亿桶策略储备燃油作为对抗后续六个月的能源价格上涨，他们说其他国家也期望加入这个计划。拜登在大会中提出让石油公司在闲置石油井中支付费用，试图促进国内生产。

Ukraine’s head negotiator said that it would take at least a year for the country to hold a referendum on whether to become a neutral country. Ukrainian neutrality is a key Russian demand and it was discussed at peace talks in Turkey on Tuesday. The Ukrainian delegation also presented their conditions for the end of the war. Dmitry Peskov, a spokesperson for the Kremlin, told Reuters, a news agency, that he saw no sign of a breakthrough yet.

乌克兰首席代表表示他们会花一年时间针对是否成为一个中立国进行公民投票。乌克兰中立是俄罗斯要求的关键，他们对此将会于本周二在土耳其进行和平讨论，乌克兰代表团也将代表他们在战争尾声的状况。德米特里斯科夫。一个发言人，告诉路透社，一家新闻机构，目前还没有任何进展。

Russia drafted 134,500 conscripts into its army, but said the soldiers would have nothing to do with Ukraine. Some conscripts have already been involved in Russia’s invasion, however. Earlier, American and European officials said Vladimir Putin has been misinformed by his aides about the Russian army’s poor performance in Ukraine. A spokeswoman for the Biden administration said the Russian president’s “senior advisers are too afraid to tell him the truth”.

俄罗斯征募了134500新兵投入此次战争，但是军队说不会对乌克兰做任何事情。一些入伍者已经参与了俄罗斯的武装斗争，然而，早些时间，美国和欧洲官方认为，普京被误传，他的军队在乌克兰的战况表现很差。拜登政府的女发言人表示俄罗斯总统的高级顾问很害怕，不敢告诉他真相。

The rouble recovered to its pre-war value despite the West’s sanctions on Russia. The currency, which crashed in early March, traded at 76 to the dollar on Thursday, a stronger rate than before Russia’s invasion. Russia has imposed capital controls and raised interest rates to 20% to protect its currency.

卢布恢复到战前价值 ，尽管俄罗斯在西方制裁下。这个货币，在三月份早期，在周四美金兑卢布汇率为1：76，比原先俄罗斯入侵时的汇率强劲的多。俄罗斯强制对首都进行资本控制，并提高20%的利率来保护 货币。

A prosecutor in Turkey requested that the murder trial of Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi journalist, be moved to Saudi Arabia. Khashoggi was killed inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in 2018, causing a diplomatic row. But in recent months Turkey has looked to Saudi Arabia for economic support，

在土耳其的一个原告律师要求将沙特记者Jamal Khashogg挪到沙特阿拉伯。Khashogg在伊斯坦布尔领事馆于2018年被杀，造成了外交纠纷，但是在最近几个月，土耳其正在寻求沙特阿拉伯的经济援助。

Consumer spending in America grew by just 0.2% in February from the month before, compared with 2.7% in January. The Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation measure rose, with prices 6.4% higher in February than a year earlier • GoTo Group, an Indonesian tech giant, said it plans to raise $1.1bn in an IPO later this month. The company, which was formed after a merger between two of Indonesia’s biggest startups Gojek and Tokopedia, is valued at about $28bn.

在2月份，美国消费性支出只增长了0.2%，同比一月份的增长为2.7%,美联储的通货膨胀指标上升，比去年2月份增加了6.4%，goto 团队，一个印尼科技巨头，表示计划这个月投入公募11亿美金这个公司，是由印尼最大的两个创业企业Gojek 和Tokopedia合并形成的，市值大约为280亿。

Fact of the day: $150bn, the value of India’s software-services exports last year—almost 6% of the country’s GDP.

今日事实：去年，印度软件服务出口价值为1500亿美金，占国家6%的GDP.

TODAY’S AGENDA

今日议题

Ukraine’s European aspirations

Even as they fend off Russia’s attacks, Ukraine’s politicians have repeatedly made a plea for the country’s post-war future: it would like to become a member of the European Union.

甚至在他们抵挡俄罗斯攻击时，乌克兰从政者还在重复请求战后像成为欧盟的成员国

Ukraine’s demands for immediate membership are unrealistic. Preparation for joining the EU requires adopting the bloc’s rules, which even countries at peace struggle with.

乌克兰马上成为成员国是不现实的。准备加入欧盟要求采纳欧盟的规则，而这个规则，甚至是处于和平的国家也是反对的。

But eastern European members, such as Bulgaria and the Czech Republic, would like Ukraine to be designated a candidate for accession, or at least promised it will be allowed to join if it carries out the required reforms.

但是西方欧盟成员国，例如保加利亚和捷克，想要乌克兰被指定为入会候选人，或者至少承诺如果他们实施必要变革，将会被允许被加入。

The EU’s original members, such as France and the Netherlands, are cooler, worried about problems in existing members such as Poland and Hungary. A rapprochement between Ukraine and the EU preceded Russia’s invasion of bits of Ukraine in 2014.But recently Russia has suggested it would not object to Ukraine joining. Having already launched an all-out war, it has nothing left with which to stymie Ukraine’s European ambitions.

欧盟的原始成员国，例如法国和荷兰比较冷静，担心已经存在的成员国的问题，例如波兰和匈牙利。在2014年，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之前，乌克兰和欧盟已和解。但是最近俄罗斯已建议不反对乌克兰加入。已经开始的全面战争，也未能阻止乌克兰的欧盟抱负。

OPEC+, the cruel cartel

OPEC 关键的企业联盟

The world may be heading for the most powerful energy shock since the 1970s. With Russia’s significant petroleum exports reduced, consuming economies are looking to the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries for relief.

这个世界在1970年以来可能是最有能源影响力的人领导，随着俄罗斯对石油出口的降低，消费经济体将寻找更有组织的石油出口国来缓解。

The oil cartel, led by Saudi Arabia, will meet virtually on Thursday with a broader group of countries, including Russia, that together comprise OPEC+. With oil markets tight, prices above $100 a barrel and the prospect of further disruptions from the war in Ukraine, a big increase in output would be welcomed by politicians concerned about soaring petrol prices and rising inflation.

石油卡特尔，有沙特阿拉伯领导，将在本周四于更广泛的国家团体中开展线上会议，包括俄罗斯，和OPEC一起组成。随着石油市场的紧缩，价格超过100美金一桶，以及在乌克兰战争的进一步中断的可能，政客担心大的出口将会增加，石油价格急剧上升以及通货膨胀。

Alas, OPEC+ is unlikely to ride to the rescue. One reason is loyalty to Russia. Another is concern about a fresh wave of covid-19 cases weakening growth and demand for oil. All 23 of the experts surveyed by Bloomberg, a publisher, predict that the cartel will stick to plans for only a modest increase in production.

唉，OPEC 不可能快速去援救，一个原因是对俄罗斯的忠诚。另一个担心是关于新一波的新冠导致增长疲软，石油需求增加。彭博社，一家出版社提出，23个专家通过调查，预测卡特尔将会坚持计划，唯一的方法是增加生产。

By Invitation: Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya on Belarus and Ukraine

受邀： 白俄罗斯Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya和乌克兰

This is an excerpt from a guest essay by the Belarusian opposition leader.

这个摘自白俄罗斯反动派领袖的客座文章。

Belarus can’t be free without a free Ukraine and vice versa. The 674-mile long border between them means that a Russian-controlled autocrat in Minsk, our capital, can always threaten Ukrainian stability. Dismantling Alexander Lukashenko’s dictatorship in Belarus would help Ukraine win the war. And there could be no stronger punishment for the Kremlin than seeing Russia share a border with a democratic Belarus. Furthermore, a Ukrainian victory would make democracy in Belarus far more likely to emerge.

白俄罗斯若没有乌克兰的自由不可能自由，反之亦然。两国之间有674公里长的边境线，意味着俄罗斯在我们的首都明斯克市进行独裁，经常威胁到乌克兰稳定。

Europe is more secure if Belarus is free To avoid pressure, Mr Lukashenko will try to coax and cajole Western leaders as his fortunes change. He is already threatening to station Russian nuclear weapons in Belarus. (He removed the constitutional provision that had previously made Belarus a non-nuclear country in a sham referendum in February.) Mr Lukashenko may even eventually pose as a peacemaker. Dont be fooled: you can’t plead for peace while bombing your neighbours.

如果白俄罗斯避免高压获得自由，欧洲将会更安全，卢卡申科试图哄骗西方领导人来改变他的命运.他已经威胁在白俄罗斯布署俄罗斯的核武器（在二月份的伪公投中，他移走了原先宪法规定的白俄罗斯是一个无核武器的国家）卢卡申科甚至最终成为假的和平缔造者。不要被骗了，你不可能在攻打你邻居的时候获得和平